Our New Testament reading for this first full week following the Epiphany in our Lectionary is a short segment from the Book of Acts where the Apostle Peter brings the Gospel message to the Gentile Cornelius and his family. This was an important event in the early church. Let’s see what lessons we can pick up in this brief passage.
To fully understand this Scripture we first need to look into the background of Jewish and Gentile relations in the first century. For centuries, since the early days of the Old Testament, there was a lot of animosity between Jewish people, the descendants of the twelve tribes of Israel, and non-Jewish or Gentile people. Good and faithful Jews did not want any close relationship with the non-believing, pagan Gentiles. A “good” Jew would never marry a Gentile, though this did occasionally happen, as we see several Gentile women in Jesus’ family tree. They also went so far as to even avoid having Gentile friends. By the time of the New Testament a “good” Jew would avoid, if possible, business dealings with Gentiles, and if it was unavoidable, they would keep it at the barely civil level. A “good” Jew would never eat with a Gentile, and would never even enter a Gentile’s house. If any of this was unavoidable, they would go through a ritualized cleansing ceremony to cleanse themselves from contamination of being with a Gentile.
This was not the way that Jesus taught. On many occasions during His time on earth He ministered to Gentiles. He spoke with the Samaritan woman and led her to salvation (John 4:5-26). Jesus also heard the prayer of the Canaanite woman, casting a demon from her daughter (Matthew 15:21-28). He also healed a Roman centurion’s servant (Luke 7:1-10). The last words Jesus spoke to His disciples before ascending back to heaven were instructions for them to bring His message to all nations (Matthew 28:18-20). However, by the days of Acts 10, which took place possibly about ten years after the resurrection, the apostles were witnessing almost exclusively to just other fellow Jews. (There was a ministry to Samaritans, which we read of in Acts 8.) However, Jesus had specifically said to take His message to the whole world, Gentiles included.
This brings us to Acts chapter 10. The Apostle Peter had been called to the coastal city of Joppa where he had prayed for a believer, Tabitha, raising her from the dead (Acts 9:36-43). While he was there, the Roman centurion Cornelius, a devout man, was instructed by an angel to send for Peter and to hear the message he would bring (Acts 10:1-8). Peter simultaneously had a vision, where God showed him all sorts of food, both clean and unclean, instructing him to eat. He understood God teaching him that what He has called clean, Peter was not to say it was unclean, but was to obey Him (Acts 10:9-16). Peter received the message from the Gentile centurion Cornelius, and he knew that God wanted him to go with and bring His message to the family.
Thankfully Peter obeyed God’s instructions and went with the messengers, and when he arrived, he did not hesitate to enter the house of Gentile Cornelius. He had learned God’s lesson that He shows no partiality to any group of people (vs. 34). His message of salvation is for everyone, both to Jews and to Gentiles, and whoever believes is accepted by Him (vs. 35). Peter preached the message of salvation to Cornelius, and the family believed and received the Holy Spirit (Acts 10:44-48).
After staying with these new believers a few days, Peter and his companions returned to Jerusalem. When word got out that he had gone into a Gentile’s house, ate with them, and witnessed to them, leaders of the new Church strongly reprimanded Peter for associating and being with a Gentile (Acts 11:1-3). After Peter explained what had happened, and how God did not show any partiality, as He gave the outpouring of the Holy Spirit to the Gentiles as well as to the Jews, the Church leaders held their peace (Acts 11:16-18).
How do we react to others that are not of our specific community, to people who are perhaps of a different nationality or race? Do we welcome them into our church family? God does not show partiality, and neither should we. This was a problem in the early church, as we have seen in our Scripture, one that was not easily resolved. For many years there was conflict and animosity between many of the Jewish believers and Gentile believers, and many tried to put a stop to the spread of the Gospel to non-Jews, as we see in the conflicts that Paul frequently faced in his ministry. As we have seen, God does not show partiality, and neither should any of His children. When He calls us to do something, like Peter, we should obey without question.