Our Gospel reading today continues in a series of parables that the Lord Jesus told a couple of days before His arrest and crucifixion. Today’s parable tells of a rather shocking scenario, and was told specifically to the Pharisees and religious leaders in Jerusalem and the Temple. The message that this parable gave was one that would have angered them, and made them all the more determined to see that the Lord destroyed. Let’s look at this parable which has come to be known as The Parable of the Wicked Vinedressers or Husbandmen.
When reading this parable it is important to know who each person symbolizes. Just as in the Scripture from Isaiah that we looked at earlier this week (Isaiah 5:1-7), the vineyard represents Israel. In both passages God planted the vineyard, protected it, provided all that was necessary, and then expected fruit. The owner is God, and the vinedressers or workers are the religious and political leaders of Israel. The servants that were sent to collect the fruit are the prophets of God in the Old Testament. And of course, the owner's son represents God’s own Son, Jesus Christ.
The owner of the vineyard had planted it, hedged it about, put in a wine press and a tower (vs. 33-34). Nothing was lacking. Similarly, Israel had God’s Law, the prophets, His covenant, protection, and Temple. And today, believers have received great spiritual blessings through Jesus. God expected, both then and today, for the vine to be fruitful. The vineyard was not ornamental. It was there to produce fruit (John 15:8).
At harvest time the owner sent his servants to collect the fruit (vs. 34-36). These symbolized the prophets that God sent His people throughout history. However, the workers responded violently. They beat some, stoned some, and killed some. The religious and political leaders consistently rejected God’s messengers. The Lord, though, like the owner, was patient. He didn’t immediately judge them. He sent more servants. The tenants became more guilty with each rejection. That is true today. Rejecting God’s Word brings greater accountability.
Finally the owner sent his son, who they not only rejected, but brought him out of the vineyard and killed him (vs. 37-39). This is the central point of the parable. The son is Jesus Christ. The workers recognized the son’s identity, but rejected him anyway. This mirrors the conduct of Israel’s leaders. Many saw Jesus’ miracles and heard His teaching, but refused to submit to Him (John 1:11). The religious leaders in Jerusalem had Jesus brought outside of the city and crucified.
Jesus then asked His listeners to pronounce judgment (vs. 40-41). Without realizing it, they condemned themselves. God’s patience is not endless. Judgment eventually comes. He is also perfectly just. The tenants received exactly what their actions deserved. In verse 42 Jesus quoted Psalm 118:22-23. The stone is Jesus and the builders are Israel’s religious leaders. They examined the stone and rejected it. Yet God exalted the very One they cast aside.
The parable ends with Jesus stating something that greatly angered the Pharisees and religious leaders, and is sometimes misunderstood today (vs. 43). This verse does not mean that Israel permanently ceases to be God’s chosen nation, that He has no future plans for Israel, or that His covenants have been canceled. Romans 11 clearly teaches Israel’s future restoration. It does mean that the kingdom privilege and stewardship were removed from the unbelieving Jewish leadership. The opportunity to proclaim God’s truth would be entrusted to others. The Church today, as in the days of the Apostles, includes both Gentile believers and believing Jews.
Israel was accountable for the light it had received. Greater privilege brings greater responsibility. The religious leaders knowingly rejected their Messiah, the Lord Jesus. Their rejection led to judgment. God still requires fruit from those entrusted with His truth. Believers today should examine whether their lives honor the Lord. They should respect God’s messengers, and be bearing spiritual fruit.
God graciously entrusted Israel with unparalleled spiritual privileges, repeatedly sent prophets to call the nation to repentance, and finally sent His own Son, Jesus Christ. Israel’s religious and political leaders rejected and killed the Son, bringing divine judgment upon themselves. Yet God’s purposes were not thwarted. The rejected Stone became the Cornerstone, and the stewardship of God’s kingdom work was entrusted to those who receive Christ and bear fruit, both Gentile and Jewish believers. This parable stands as both a solemn warning against rejecting Jesus and a glorious affirmation of His ultimate victory and authority.